NSC622608 is a small-molecule ligand for V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) which is an immune checkpoint that affects the ability of T-cells to attack tumors.

Taccalonolide AJ is a microtubule stabilizer; it has excellent and highly persistent antitumor efficacy when administered directly to the tumor, suggesting that the lack of antitumor efficacy seen with systemic administration of AJ is likely due to its short half-life in vivo.

Aristolone is a natural product from the leaf oil of Alpinia polyantha.